Unlike so many books that focus on how to use Linux, Linux and the Unix Philosophy explores the “way of thinking that is Linux” and why Linux is a superior implementation of this highly capable operating system.This book is a revision and expansion of a computer science classic. Every chapter has been thoroughly updated with Linux coverage.Linux and the Unix Philosophy falls squarely between the “…
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Configuring a Linux-based NTP Time Server
Computer time synchronization is very important in modern computer networks, precision and time synchronization is critical in many applications, particularly time-critical transactions. Imagine buying an airline ticket just to the airport that the ticket was sold twice because it then was bought on a computer tells the will had a slower clock!
Modern computers internal clocks called Real Time Clock chips (RTC) have the time and date Information supplied. These chips are battery backed so that even during a power outage, it can keep time, but PCs are not for the perfect watch. Your Design for the mass production and have been optimized low-cost, rather than maintaining accurate time.
For many applications this is can be quite sufficient, although often machines need time to synchronize with other PCs on the network and computers are not synchronized to any other problems such as sharing network caused by files or in some environments even fraud!
Network Time Protocol (NTP) is an Internet protocol used for transmitting the precise time and offers Time information together so that an exact time can be obtained. When NTP was originally written For Linux, many Linux-based operating systems already have a version NTP installed. However, the source code is free from the NTP website are (ntp.org download) the latest version V 4.2.4.
NTP (version 4) can be maintained over time the public Internet within 10 milliseconds (1/100th of a second) and can be even better over LANs with accuracies of 200 microseconds (1/5000th of a second) under ideal conditions to perform.
NTP works within the TCP / IP suite and relies on UDP, a less complex form of NTP exists called Simple Network Time Protocol (SNTP) that it is not necessary to store information about previous communications, needed by NTP. It is in some devices and applications where high accuracy timing is not used so important.
The NTP Desktop program with the file 'ntp.conf' configured. This contains a list of public NTP server references, that can be synchronized to time. NTP Time Server on the "Server" command, all characters after the '#' comments are:
Example Server-time-a.nist.gov # Public NTP server: Maryland When configured, NTP can be controlled using the commands' ntpd start'' ntpd stop 'ntpq-p "(shows status)
NTP can also authenticate timing resources Note: It is strongly recommended that you configure a time server, with a hardware source rather than the Internet, where there is no authentication. Authentication codes are specified in the "ntp.keys' file.
Specialist NTP servers available, the programs can receive transmissions from GPS or national time reference. They are relatively cheap and the signal is a secure authentication time reference.
Authentication for NTP has been developed to prevent malicious system with synchronization only firewalls are designed to protect networks from attacks, but as with any system safety, it only works when it is used.
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I’ve got a laptop that runs slower and slower with the amount of memory that windows requires with each upgrade and security update. I think it’s time to switch, I use my laptop only for chatting and college work.
I hear that you need to have technical knowledge before making a switch to Linux. Are there any programs available to help? Any books?
I understand that Linux has an office program free similar to windows, but I have a program for college that helps me put everything in APA format, will that be possible with Linux? Or will I have to learn to do it myself ?
Congrats. You have made a wise choice to seek alternatives.
If you want to learn how to use linux, you can try this linux build, which helps you learn about linux by using a live system and doing some examples. You don’t have to install anything on your Hard Drive to use it – you just need a dvd drive.
It’s probably more information than what you really want, but you can skip over the parts that seems too technical for you, or if you want to know the ins-outs of the system, go through the whole thing.
There are many distros (distributions) of linux out there and one is probably exactly what you’re looking for. I’ve tested probably well over a hundred linux distros out there, all free of course.
It’s not exactly easy at first and these days linux is as easy to use as windows. Most of them have openoffice included in the package, which is the software that’s compatible with Microsoft Office file formats. It’s just as easy to use as the Microsoft versions, if not easier. I’m not sure about APA format, unfortunately. I’ve never heard of that format.
Some of my favorites are knoppix – a Live CD/DVD which has just about every program out there all in one fantastic package, Ubuntu – one of the best out there with plenty of programs for most users and a great technical support if you need help, Slax – extremely small linux with plenty of features, and OpenSuse/Suse Linux – one of the best Linux distros out there with a solid package that’s been one of the most stable releases available. If you have a mid/high end PC that you want to ‘Wow’ your friends with, try Sabayon Linux, which I have currently installed on my home computer. It’s one of the first distros that I ever worked with which integrates AIXGL – a 3D desktop environment – seemlessly. It does lack some of the programs that works great for business users, but for home users and for students, it’s great.
Check out this site for more distros and to download for free, completely legally.
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Which Linux is better?
I have never used Linux and know absolutely nothing about it. Through searching I found many different types: Fedora, Ubuntu, ebian Linux, SUSE Linux, Knoppix, Gentoo Linux, Slackware Linux, Mandrake Linux, Damn Small Linux, etc… Being a Windows user since 95 I am wondering which is the “best for ME”.
I am also interested in which books and internet resources are available to get me jump started and on my way to being a full blown Linux User. I have found Linux Bible, linux.com, Linux For Dummies, and Linux-The complete reference, but have no idea what I am looking for.
Thanks in advanced.
http://www.zegeniestudios.net/ldc/index.php?firsttime=true
go here and give the quiz to get started.
to get me jump started, just my curiosity about linux did the job. every modern OS is more or less the same so even if you are used to windows then even it won’t take you much time to get used to linux.
i prefer ubuntu and its LTS release is out which is 8.04. LTS means that it is its the long term support release and will be provided with updates for 3 years for desktop version and 5 years for server version.
there are many desktop environments For Linux like gnome, kde and xfce. gnome is full featured but not so great looking(see ubuntu 8.04 screenshots using gnome http://www.thecodingstudio.com/opensource/linux/screenshots/?linux_distribution_sm=Ubuntu%208.04%20Hardy%20Heron%20LTS). kde-4 is full featured and looks quite beautiful(see kubuntu using kde4 screenshots http://www.thecodingstudio.com/opensource/linux/screenshots/?linux_distribution_sm=Kubuntu%208.04%20KDE%204%20Remix ) kde 3.5 is its old version (see kubuntu using it here http://www.thecodingstudio.com/opensource/linux/screenshots/?linux_distribution_sm=Kubuntu%208.04%20Hardy%20Heron%20LTS ). xfce is light-weight and suitable for older hardware (see xubuntu using it here http://www.thecodingstudio.com/opensource/linux/screenshots/?linux_distribution_sm=Xubuntu%208.04%20Hardy%20Heron%20LTS ).
kubuntu and xubuntu are just ubuntu using a different environment. these three are the most popular desktop environments but there are many more.
you can consider open-suse also as its very pleasing visually. i tried the openSUSE11 beta with kde-4 and was quite impressed. you can see which linux distro you want by just downloading their iso’s and then try them without installing just from their cd’s and see which one suits you.
download ubuntu here http://www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu
download openSUSE 10.3 http://software.opensuse.org/
get pclinuxos 2008.1 http://linuxtracker.org/index.php?page=torrent-details&id=95ccdc13c5722487b93f6dced44eb8ee67fa5198
you should consider torrents as they will ensure that you don’t get a broken download. you can find torrents here http://www.linuxtracker.org/
it had got torrents for nearly every distro. i prefer torrents. they maybe a bit slow but they do save the central sever from too much load and also ensure that you don’t get a broken download.
some common terms which you are going to come across
livecd: distors use this. it allows you to boot from your cd to run the operating System From the cd without installing to the harddrive and allows you to explore your operating system
compiz-fusion: composite window manager for linux which eye candy for linux distro. born from merger of beryl and compiz. see it in action here http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7HmuMwfASD0&feature=related
it is been defaultly included in all three distros which i gave download link to but in ubuntu, installation of compizconfig-settings-manager is needed to use all plugins like desktop cube and 3d windows.
wubi: it is a software which creates a dual-boot setup with windows without creating any actual partitions and upon boot, you are asked which os you want to login in and allows user to remove ubuntu like any other windows program. from 8.04, this has been added to the installation disk for ubuntu which you download and you can choose this option using the installation disk.
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Can i Use shell script as backend & Java(Swings) as front end in Linux Platform ?
Hi,
I am doing project in linux platform, I have written codings in shell script & I want to design interface for it in JAVA
Can I opt Java(Swings) as Front end for shell script, which is my back end…..
Please help as quickly as possible………….I am waiting for ur reply……….
Thanks in Advance………….
Well, you could. I’m not saying that would be a great idea, but you could.
You would have to use Runtime.exec(“call_the_script.sh ” + args) and then interpret the string results. An ugly solution that only works on linux.
Have you considered how long it would take to port your scripts?
Also, consider scripting in jruby, groovy or jython. These scripting languages can all run in java natively.
On the other hand, if your scripts are doing very linux specific things, you may want to consider something like python scripting with qt for a front end.
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Universal Remote Codes Rca – How to Use your Portable Devices to Remotely Play Music on your Stereo
Technology is evolving at a rapid pace. With new products, or better versions of older products being released every year, older products are rendered useless. Every household has an assortment of ‘outdated’ technology. Technology left unused for years, covered with layers of dust.
But often the usefulness of these ‘outdated’ products is only limited by our creativity and willingness to experiment.
I recently noticed an old Sony stereo system, and an old Dell Pentium Iii desktop lying around the house. At first I though about disposing of these, but then I thought better. I ended up with a setup that allows me to remotely play music on the stereo system using any device with wi-fi and a browser, whether it be a desktop, laptop, Palm Pilot, HP iPAQ, or a cell phone.
How it basically works:
The Dell computer, which is connected to the stereo system, acts as a server on the LAN. Other devices on the LAN can either stream songs to the server, or remotely access the server and launch locally stored songs on it.
The following explains how I accomplished this setup. It assumes that you already know how to setup a Wireless Router.
The following hardware was used:
- Sony Stereo System
- Old Dell CPU (500 MHZ Pentium III, 128 MB Ram, 6 GB Hard Drive)
- A Y cable (male stereo 1/8-inch plug to two male RCA plugs)
- An Ethernet cable
- Speedtouch wireless router
- Monitor
- Keyboard
- Mouse
Note: The monitor and mouse is only required when the computer is being set up. Once the software has been installed and correctly configured, the computer only needs a keyboard attached to it to boot up. If a laptop is being used as the server instead, the extra hardware is not needed.
Note: The same setup could be obtained using a different operating system, such as Linux or Mac OS, since the software required is available for these operating systems as well.
What I did, step by step
1) I hooked up the monitor, keyboard, and mouse to the Dell CPU
2) I powered it on, inserted the Windows XP CD, and booted off the CD
3) Following the onscreen steps, I formatted my 6 GB hard drive, and installed Windows XP on it
4) After the installation was complete, I plugged the computer into the router using the Ethernet cable
5) I launched up the browser, and downloaded VLC Media Player from http://www.videolan.org/
6) I installed VLC media player
7) I downloaded TightVNC from http://www.tightvnc.com/
I installed TightVNC
(During the installation, you will be asked to ‘Select Additional Tasks’. When asked, make sure to select both boxes. This will register TightVNC server as a system service, and start it whenever windows starts)
9) I set a password for the VNC server
10) I went to Control Panel -> Power Options, disabled hibernate and standby, and set ‘When I press the power button on my computer’ to shutdown
11) I went to the properties of the network connection, opened up TCP/IP, and set a static IP address. The IP I set was 10.0.0.5. The range for IP addresses differs from router to router. Consult your router’s manual, or the internet if you need to find out the IP range for your router. More instructions on how to set a static IP address can be found online.
12) Using the Y cable, I connected the computer to the stereo system. The male 1/8-inch plug goes into the audio out port on the sound card. The red RCA plug goes into the right “AUX in” port on the stereo, and the other RCA plug goes into the left “AUX in” port.
13) The stereo was set to AUX
After this, I unplugged the monitor and mouse from the CPU. I neatly stacked the CPU, with the keyboard, under the table on which the stereo was placed
If the power button is pressed, the computer boots, loads up Windows XP, and loads up the VNC server. Pressing the power button again shuts down Windows and turns off the computer.
This CPU is basically a server with a permanent IP on the network, which can receive streams from other devices on the network, and play them on the stereo.
HOW TO USE THE SERVER TO REMOTELY PLAY MUSIC
There are two ways to go about playing music
The first one
is streaming music. This means the music is located on some other device, but is played on the server over the network.
The following explains the steps I took to stream music from my laptop
1) I set my laptop’s static IP to 10.0.0.1
2) I installed the TightVNC viewer and VLC media player on my laptop
3) I launched the VNC viewer, typed in the server IP (10.0.0.5) and the password and remotely accessed the server
4) Using the VNC viewer on my laptop, I remotely launched VLC media player on the server. I then clicked on file-> open network stream, and set the address to udp://10.0.0.1 (Address of my laptop, where the files were located)
5) I launched VLC media player on my laptop, clicked on file -> open file
From the menu, I clicked on browse and selected a whole bunch of songs
I selected Stream/Save under Advanced Options, and in settings, selected UDP, and set address to 10.0.0.5 (Address of the server, where the files were to be played)
After this I pressed ok, and, the songs started playing on my stereo!
Using my laptop from anywhere in my house, I could remotely pause, play, forward, or change songs on the stereo.
Using VLC media player for Windows CE /Pocket PC, I can stream music from my HP iPAQ as well!
The second way
is to play songs locally stored on the server, by remotely accessing the server from another device.
The following are the steps I followed to accomplish this
1) I launched the VNC viewer on my laptop, and accessed the server as mentioned earlier
2) After launching VLC media player on the server, I clicked Settings -> Add Interface -> Web Interface
Enabling the web interface allows any device on the network to go to http://10.0.0.5:8080, and remotely control the music from there
Of course, I could have just used the VNC viewer to remotely control VLC media player, but enabling the web interface allows any device with wi-fi and a web browser to control the player. Therefore, even if a cell phone with wi-fi does not have a VNC viewer, it can use its browser to access the controls of VLC media player, and remotely control the music being played on the server.
Now you can use your handheld devices to control the music being played on your stereo system!
I hope this guide was helpful. If you run into any problems while setting this up, feel free to email me at hammadnaseem@gmail.com, with the subject “Wireless Stereo Help”.
NOTE: Anywhere in this guide, the word ‘server’ refers to the Dell computer
?
I installed TightVNC